Document Type : Applied Article
Authors
1 Department of Architecture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, Department of Architecture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
The Iranian tribes have their unique architecture due to their lifestyle. They resort to a portable shelter type, the black tent, that can be carried and assembled easily. This article introduces this shelter type applied in the Bakhtiari tribe, which has a history dating back to the Iranian civilization. This structure has retained its identity due to its ability to meet the needs of its inhabitants for centuries and remains a valuable legacy of Iranian architecture. The field study of Bakhtiari tribes is run by assessing their spatial conditions and adapting them to the library studies. The uniqueness of this architecture is in its flexibility and compatibility with the environment. The harmony and rhythm used in interior decoration are directed by climate, culture, customs, and living conditions, thus forming temporary architecture. According to the given site, the natural material type consumed in this structure is feet, creating comfort in the inhabitants' lives. The seasonal and functional condition flexibly dictates the size and plan of the black tent. In this context, to preserve this heritage running in-depth studies on this issue is of the essence.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Alinaghizadeh, M. & Afshari Hematalikeikha, M. (2012). Study the functional aspects of architecture through the analytical survey of native architecture - case study: functional study of sedentary of Qashqai tribes housing. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51. 380 – 385.
Amanollahi Baharvand, S. (1988). P24. Migration in Iran, Tehran: Agah publication.
Amanollahi Baharvand, S. (2004). The Decline of nomadism in Iran: settlement of tribes and nomads, National Studies Quarterly, 5 (1), 18-19.
Bayoumi, M. (2017). Energy-saving method for improving thermal comfort and air quality in warm, humid climates using isothermal high-velocity ventilation. Renewable energy, 114, 502-512.
Dahl, G., & Hjort, A. (1976). Having herds: pastoral herd growth and household economy. Department of Social Anthropology, University of Stockholm.
Danaeinia, A.; Eilbeigipoor, F. (2018). The Characteristics of the Cultural Landscape of the Bakhtiari Nomads and its Impact on the Structure of Nomadic Architecture. Bagh- e Nazar, 14 (57), 63-74.
Digard, J-P. (2008). P27. Techniques des nomades baxtyari d’Iran. (A. Karimi, Trans). Mashhad: Kasradi Library Publications.
Filberg, K.G. (1993). The black tent: House of the nomads and quasi-nomads of the world in the History, (Translated by Asghar Karimi), Mashhad: Astan Qods Razavi Publications.
Hassas, N. (2016). From home to the black house; Architectural situation in the black tent of the nomads, 4-5, 101-110.
Hole, F. (2004). Campsites of the seasonally mobile in western Iran. In: Von Folsach, K., Thrane, H., Thuesen, I. (Eds.), From Handaxe to Khan: Essays presented to Peder Mortensen on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, Oakville, CA: AARHUS.
Jadid Moghanloo, S. (2013). P49. Flexible architecture of gazebo, Cultural heritage. Tehran: Handicrafts and Tourism Publication.
Maghsoudi, M. (2006). Iranian ethnicity and cultural identity, Letter of Cultural Research, 22-23. 209-232.
Masoumi, H.R.; Nejati, N. & Ahadi, A.A. (2016). Learning from the Heritage Architecture: Developing Natural Ventilation in Compact Urban Form in Hot-Humid Climate: Case Study of Bushehr, Iran. International Journal of Architectural Heritage,11(3), 415-432.
Memarian, G.H. P7. (2008). Knowledge of Iranian residential architecture: outsourcing typology, Tehran: Iran University of Science & Technology,
Mohammadshahi, S.; Nili Ahmadabadi, M. & Nematollahi, O. (2016). Improvement of ventilation and heat transfer in Shavadoon via numerical simulation: A traditional HVAC system. Renewable Energy, 96, 295-304.
Papzan, A. & Afsharzadeh, N. (2011). Native knowledge of women in the nomads of Kalhor in the field of Siah Mal, Portable structure of tribe. Woman in culture and art, 3(2), 39-56.
Pirnia, H. & Iqbal Ashtiani, A. (2006). Iran's History from the beginning to the extinction of the Sasanian, (Second ed.) Tehran: Milad publications.
Ranjbar, N. & Mahmoudi, M. (2020). The Morphology of Black Tent in Nomads of Southwestern Iran (Case Study: The Nomads of Southern Ilam Province and Northern Khuzestan Province), Art and Civilization of the East, 8(27), 15-26.
Rappaport, A. (2014). P38. Anthropology of Housing. (Translated by Afzalian). Mashhad: ketabkade kasra.
Rastande, (2010), fundamental features of cultural landscape in mountainous rural spaces in western Iran case study of village city and town, International Conference on Traditional Settlements of Zagros, Sanandaj.
Rouhi, T. (2016). the black tent: the symbolic of the nomads, The History of the Iranian People's Culture, 45 & 46, 9-34.
Safari, J. & Zaheri, E. (2010). Chek songs work in the tribe's Bakhtiari. Journal of culture and the people, 31 & 32, 169-182.
Sayyadi, S.E. & Maddahi, S. M. (2012). Sustainable architecture, Tehran: Lotus publications.
Shakoori, R. & Khodadadi, E. (2014). Schematic of nomadic residence, Bagh Nazar, 28(28). 3-14.
Stevenson, A. (Ed.). (2010). Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press, USA.
Sutliff, D.J. (2015). On nomadic transhumance at neolithic tepe tulai A re-analysis of findings. Journal of archeological science, 3, 392-397.
Talaei, H. Nourollahi, A. & Firouzmandi, B. (2014). Archeology of the nomads and the roads of the western central Zagros, Historical Sociology, 8(2) .197-230.
Watts, V., Kremer, D., Lapierre, A., & Rymut, K. (2017). The Cambridge dictionary of English place-names (pp. 361-366). Max Niemeyer Verlag.
Zarghami, E. (2016). A Comparative Study of Iranian nomads' housing. Housing and Village Environment journal, 155.
)