Elnaz Baghernejhad
Abstract
The term of brownfield and its redevelopment has been considered extensively in the world urban planning literature. However, the nature of the brownfields and the differences between how they are created in countries have caused this term to be defined based on the contextual and typological conditions ...
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The term of brownfield and its redevelopment has been considered extensively in the world urban planning literature. However, the nature of the brownfields and the differences between how they are created in countries have caused this term to be defined based on the contextual and typological conditions in each country, involving a wide range of lands. Meanwhile, despite the high importance of brownfield development in improving the quality of urban life, this issue is still neglected in the urban planning system of Iran. Therefore, this study is aimed to propose the definition of brownfield sits in Iranian cities and their typology as a policy to help reconsider them in urban development plans. After presenting the adaptive criteria extracted from the relevant literature, experts in this field were interviewed to determine the main categories of this concept in the country’s cities using the grounded theory qualitative method. Then, the rules and regulations related to the categories were reviewed to finally define this concept and present its comparative typology. The findings show that in Iranian cities, the brownfield sites comprise abandoned sites or lands including activities that pollute the environment, being incompatible with authorized urban activities. According to this definition, twelve types of brownfield sites can be identified in Iranian cities, in which the activities are incompatible with urban activities and they require intervention for development, and one type includes lands with no function at present, in which development has occurred previously.
Architecture
Farnoush Shams Azad; Vahdaneh Fooladi
Abstract
The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, stems from centuries of optimizing material use, construction techniques, climate considerations, and the least use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents ...
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The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, stems from centuries of optimizing material use, construction techniques, climate considerations, and the least use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents a specific type of dwelling that is a spectacular example of its climate conditions and compatible with its surrounding environment. This study aims to investigate the geometric conformation of Hamedan houses and elicit the proper suggestions to provide comfort conditions. To reach these goals, 15 houses located in the old districts of Hamadan belonging to three different historical eras were selected. Then, according to Mahoney's Table, Evan's index, Pen warden graph, and climate consultant software thermal comfort factors were assessed and calculated to compare elicited design strategies with typology. These attributes to architectural strategies for this region like southeastern orientation, medium-sized windows, thick outdoor and indoor walls, thick insulation with sufficient temporary heating equipment, the high heat capacity of materials, compact urban texture and planning, protection against intensive wind aimed to provide comfort conditions. Then these methods were compared whit three eras' houses to illustrate how much compatibility was there practically, which eventually reduced in each of them.
FUNMILAYO MOKUNFAYO ADEDIRE; Anthony Iweka
Volume 9, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 25-34
Abstract
Housing developments in Lagos State peri-urban settlements have contributed immensely to the alleviation of the challenges of housing deficits in central Lagos. This research aims at examining the characteristics of housing development in the peri-urban settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria. Using a case ...
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Housing developments in Lagos State peri-urban settlements have contributed immensely to the alleviation of the challenges of housing deficits in central Lagos. This research aims at examining the characteristics of housing development in the peri-urban settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria. Using a case study approach, housing developments in peri-urban settlements in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Areas were selected to represent the rapidly urbanizing metropolitan peripheral areas in Lagos State. Data was collected through primary and secondary sources which include survey questionnaires, direct observations and in-depth interviews. Using two-stage sampling techniques, a questionnaire was distributed to households in purposively selected 16 peri-urban settlements in IbejuLekki. Data collected through field survey were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, cross tabulations while qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Findings demonstrate that different housing initiatives in the peri-urban settlements performed differently in typology and resident’s perception. Socio-economic attributes revealed a multi-cultural households composition, reasonable literacy level. It is recommended that improved quality and user performance peri-urban housing development can be achieved through residents’ participation in housing policy design and also by timely regional policy response to the pace of housing development in Lagos peri-urban settlements.
Hadiseh Kamran Kasmaie; Khosro Daneshjou; Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani
Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 9-16
Abstract
Looking at the role of climate in indigenous settlements of Gilan, which are formed based on theUniformitarianism principles for the environmental comfort of residents in the basic body, and stability and compromisewith the natural factors, as a basic and immutable principle over time has created various ...
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Looking at the role of climate in indigenous settlements of Gilan, which are formed based on theUniformitarianism principles for the environmental comfort of residents in the basic body, and stability and compromisewith the natural factors, as a basic and immutable principle over time has created various species in its context basedon the needs and availability of basic infrastructure. Gilan's Western plains, as a geographic split of microclimate(mild and wet), which has its own unique characteristics, in formation of variable species, according to the needsof households, in terms of population growth and vernacular materials, which is associated with the formation of aspace with sustainable self-sufficiency for local residents, and in addition to optimal locating is appropriate in terms oforientation and e building elongation. Accordingly, the comparison between variable species in a microclimate (plaingeography) with its own unique features will be obtained as separated assessments from body to climate framework,with deductive components which can form a native settlement, through field work on sustainable buildings in plainvillages and functional analysis of samples, attached to professional population of Housing Foundation, which havespecial knowledge of the characteristics of rural housing related to rehabilitation and re-run today's models. Therefore,providing transparent assumptions on the challenges and principled solutions through questionnaires with derivativespercent available for population, has managed to improve the quality of the results of this study.
Meghedy Khodabakhshian; Seyed Majid Mofidi; Farah Habib
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2012, , Pages 5-10
Abstract
Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. ...
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Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. As for its applicability the earth-shelter provides good housing. Typological studies of earth-shelter construction in Iran by introduces various Iranian examples of this type, could be a model for the today’s innovative designs with an approach to energy saving. This type of construction responded to human comfort requirements when modernism was absent to claim that it could do the same through mechanical technology. The study method adopted here consists of qualitative-descriptive and deductive analyses. The categories of earth-shelter architecture are three worldwide: Earth Mound, Rocky or In-Hill and Bellow ground. Here the genotype of earth architecture and phenotype of earth-shelter are studied in details. The same is of two in Iran: Rocky, which is divided in continues and discontinues types and closed underground type. Studies conducted in Iran have revealed a new type of these structures named Combined Continues Rocky open Underground by the author.
